So Hip it's Not Square

You may occasionally stumble onto metal type that looks a little different. Many modifications have been made in the process of creating type to accommodate the shortcomings of the medium. Here are three of them, direct from the foundries.


Angled Body Type
Italic or heavily slanted (often script) typefaces present many kerning issues, and one way to combat this was to actually angle the body of each sort so that it fits together on an angle instead of the traditional square/rectangular body. This type generally came with it's own spacing as you can see here:

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There are thin spaces up to quads on angles and then end pieces that fit with them (the triangular shaped piece) to finish the line and make it flush. Here you can see all of the angles. It is possible to letterspace with coppers and brasses; when I do this, I tend to work in a smaller size so that they fit along the longest part of the angle. The top and bottom of the angled spacing has a slight curve to it.

angled.jpg

Wing Body Type
Another way to cope with type on extreme angles was to keep the body size regularly while altering the top section of the sort, with the letterform itself at a slant in a way that couples together with the letters next to it.

wing1.jpg

Wing body type also often comes with its own spacing. Here you can see how the face of the 'g' extends past the rectangular body. The angled nature of the spacing also provides support for these extended sections. The 'W' and 'i' also extend to the left in the above photo.

wing2.jpg
wing3.jpg

Normal spacing also works, though not always in between letters or right next to them, given the angles at which the letters are cast.

Mortised Type
Another option for kerning metal type was to mortise it so two sorts could fit together like a puzzle. I've seen a few samples of these mortised pairs in metal (more common in wood... we'll get to that eventually) but I'm showing an initial cap here because they're much more common.
Mortised type has square/rectangular sections cut from it so that it can fit closely to other letters. This is popular with alternate and swash characters, like this M:

mortised1.jpg

In this instance, 18 pt type fits above the swash at the bottom of the 24 pt 'M.'

If you want to read more about it, I highly recommend owning a copy of American Metal Typefaces of the Twentieth Century. There is a great section that breaks down some of these components:

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Don't be afraid of type you might find that's a little off the norm, such as these examples. With some research and understanding, they can add so much variety to your typographic vocabulary and can offer many more options for improved kerning.